学点短视频 综合资讯 Unity实现弹幕功能

Unity实现弹幕功能

作者: 投稿用户 发布: 2023年 7月 4日 114阅读

与和一些直播应用类似抖音弹幕游戏，这些软件往往带有弹幕功能，在实际项目中必须通过服务器客户端的直接数据来控制。 我们来看看弹幕功能是如何实现的。

效果如下

抖音弹幕游戏_弹幕效果代码编写_弹幕功能实现

实现功能

换行规则

弹幕信息：假设有两个弹幕D1和D2； 分别对应于长度L1和L2。 弹幕宽度为Lp，最小间隔为Ld。

当L1L2时：

前方距离 = = (L1 + Ld), V1 = (L1 + Lp)/T

提前时间 = = /V1 = T* (L1 + Ld)/(L1 + Lp)

项目符号文本组件

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using System.Collections;
using DG.Tweening;
namespace Joker.CustomComponent.BulletScreen ｛
    public enum ScrollDirection ｛
        RightToLeft = 0,
        LeftToRight = 1
    ｝
    public class BulletTextInfo ｛
        public float TextWidth;
        public float SendTime;
    ｝
    public class BulletScreenTextElement : MonoBehaviour ｛
        [SerializeField]private BulletScreenDisplayer   _displayer;
        [SerializeField]private string                  _textContent;
        [SerializeField]private bool                    _showBox;
        [SerializeField]private ScrollDirection         _scrollDirection;
        [SerializeField]private Text                    _text;
        [SerializeField]private float                   _textWidth;
        [SerializeField]private Vector3                 _startPos;
        [SerializeField]private Vector3                 _endPos;
    public static BulletScreenTextElement Create(BulletScreenDisplayer displayer, string textContent,
        bool showBox = false,
        ScrollDirection direction = ScrollDirection.RightToLeft) ｛
        BulletScreenTextElement instance = null;
        if (displayer == null) ｛
            Debug.Log("BulletScreenTextElement.Create(), displayer can not be null !");
            return null;
        ｝
        GameObject go = Instantiate(displayer.TextElementPrefab) as GameObject;
        go.transform.SetParent(displayer.GetTempRoot());
        go.transform.localPosition = Vector3.up*10000F;
        go.transform.localScale = Vector3.one;
        instance = go.AddComponent();
        instance._displayer = displayer;
        instance._textContent = textContent;
        instance._showBox = showBox;
        instance._scrollDirection = direction;
        return instance;
    ｝
    private IEnumerator Start() ｛
        SetBoxView();
        SetText();
        //get correct text width in next frame.
        yield return new WaitForSeconds(0.2f); 
        RecordTextWidthAfterFrame();
        SetRowInfo();
        SetTweenStartPosition();
        SetTweenEndPosition();
        StartMove();
    ｝
    /// 
    /// The outer box view of text
    /// 
    private void SetBoxView() ｛
        Transform boxNode = transform.Find(_displayer.TextBoxNodeName);
        if (boxNode == null) ｛
            Debug.LogErrorFormat(
                "BulletScreenTextElement.SetBoxView(), boxNode == null. boxNodeName: ｛0｝",
                _displayer.TextBoxNodeName);
            return;
        ｝
        boxNode.gameObject.SetActive(_showBox);
    ｝
    private void SetText() ｛
        _text = GetComponentInChildren();
        //_text.enabled = false;
        if (_text == null) ｛
            Debug.Log("BulletScreenTextElement.SetText(), not found Text!");
            return;
        ｝
        _text.alignment = _scrollDirection == ScrollDirection.RightToLeft ? TextAnchor.MiddleLeft : TextAnchor.MiddleRight;
        //make sure there exist ContentSizeFitter componet for extend text width
        var sizeFitter = _text.GetComponent();
        if (!sizeFitter) ｛
            sizeFitter = _text.gameObject.AddComponent();
        ｝
        //text should extend in horizontal
        sizeFitter.horizontalFit = ContentSizeFitter.FitMode.PreferredSize;
        _text.text = _textContent;
    ｝
    private void RecordTextWidthAfterFrame() ｛
        _textWidth = _text.GetComponent().sizeDelta.x;
    ｝
    private void SetTweenStartPosition() ｛
        Vector3 nor = _scrollDirection == ScrollDirection.RightToLeft ? Vector3.right : Vector3.left;
        _startPos = nor * (_displayer.BulletScreenWidth / 2F + _textWidth / 2F);
        transform.localPosition = _startPos;
    ｝
    private void SetTweenEndPosition() ｛
        Vector3 nor = _scrollDirection == ScrollDirection.RightToLeft ? Vector3.left : Vector3.right;
        _endPos = nor * (_displayer.BulletScreenWidth / 2F + _textWidth / 2F);
    ｝
    private void SetRowInfo() ｛
        var bulletTextInfo = new BulletTextInfo() ｛
            SendTime = Time.realtimeSinceStartup,
            TextWidth = _textWidth
        ｝;
        var rowRoot = _displayer.GetRowRoot(bulletTextInfo);
        transform.SetParent(rowRoot, false);
        transform.localScale = Vector3.one;
    ｝
    private void StartMove() ｛
        //make sure the text is active.
        //the default ease of DoTewwen is not Linear.
        transform.DOLocalMoveX(_endPos.x, _displayer.ScrollDuration).OnComplete(OnTweenFinished).SetEase(Ease.Linear);
    ｝
    private void OnTweenFinished() ｛
        Destroy(gameObject, _displayer.KillBulletTextDelay);
    ｝
｝
｝

弹幕播放器组件

using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
namespace Joker.CustomComponent.BulletScreen ｛
    public class BulletScreenDisplayer : MonoBehaviour ｛
        public bool Enable ｛ get; set; ｝
        public BulletTextInfo[] _currBulletTextInfoList; 
        [SerializeField]private BulletScreenDisplayerInfo _info;
        public float ScrollDuration ｛
            get ｛ return _info.ScrollDuration; ｝
        ｝
        private float _bulletScreenWidth;
        public float BulletScreenWidth ｛
            get ｛ return _bulletScreenWidth; ｝
        ｝
        public GameObject TextElementPrefab ｛
            get ｛ return _info.TextPrefab; ｝
        ｝
        public string TextBoxNodeName ｛
            get ｛ return _info.TextBoxNodeName; ｝
        ｝
        public float KillBulletTextDelay ｛
            get ｛ return _info.KillBulletTextDelay; ｝
        ｝
        public Transform ScreenRoot ｛
            get ｛ return _info.ScreenRoot.transform; ｝
        ｝
        public static BulletScreenDisplayer Create(BulletScreenDisplayerInfo displayerInfo) ｛
            BulletScreenDisplayer instance = displayerInfo.Owner.gameObject.AddComponent();
            instance._info = displayerInfo;
            return instance;
        ｝
        public void AddBullet(string textContent, bool showBox = false, ScrollDirection direction = ScrollDirection.RightToLeft) ｛
            BulletScreenTextElement.Create(this, textContent, showBox, direction);
        ｝
        private void Start() ｛
            SetScrollScreen();
            InitRow();
        ｝
        private void InitRow() ｛
            Utility.DestroyAllChildren(_info.ScreenRoot.gameObject);
            _currBulletTextInfoList = new BulletTextInfo[_info.TotalRowCount];
            for (int rowIndex = 0; rowIndex < _info.TotalRowCount; rowIndex++) ｛
                _currBulletTextInfoList[rowIndex] = null;
                string rowNodeName = string.Format("row_｛0｝", rowIndex);
                GameObject newRow = new GameObject(rowNodeName);
                var rt = newRow.AddComponent();
                rt.SetParent(_info.ScreenRoot.transform, false);
            ｝
        ｝
        private void SetScrollScreen() ｛
            _info.ScreenRoot.childAlignment = TextAnchor.MiddleCenter;
            _info.ScreenRoot.cellSize = new Vector2(100F, _info.RowHeight);
            _bulletScreenWidth = _info.ScreenRoot.GetComponent().rect.width;
        ｝
        public Transform GetTempRoot() ｛
            return _info.ScreenRoot.transform.Find(string.Format("row_｛0｝", 0));
        ｝
        public Transform GetRowRoot(BulletTextInfo newTextInfo) ｛
            const int notFoundRowIndex = -1;
            int searchedRowIndex = notFoundRowIndex;
            newTextInfo.SendTime = Time.realtimeSinceStartup;
        for (int rowIndex = 0; rowIndex = aheadTime) ｛//fit and add.
                searchedRowIndex = rowIndex;
                break;
            ｝
            //go on searching in next row.
        ｝
        if (searchedRowIndex == notFoundRowIndex) ｛//no fit but random one row.
            int repairRowIndex = Random.Range(0, _currBulletTextInfoList.Length);
            searchedRowIndex = repairRowIndex;
        ｝
        _currBulletTextInfoList[searchedRowIndex] = newTextInfo;
        Transform root = _info.ScreenRoot.transform.Find(string.Format("row_｛0｝", searchedRowIndex));
        return root;
    ｝
    /// 
    /// Logic of last bullet text go ahead.
    /// 
    /// width of last bullet text
    /// width of new came bullet text
    /// 
    private float GetAheadTime(float lastBulletTextWidth, float newCameBulletTextWidth) ｛
        float aheadTime = 0f;
        if (lastBulletTextWidth <= newCameBulletTextWidth) ｛
            float s1 = lastBulletTextWidth + BulletScreenWidth + _info.MinInterval;
            float v1 = (lastBulletTextWidth + BulletScreenWidth) / _info.ScrollDuration;
            float s2 = BulletScreenWidth;
            float v2 = (newCameBulletTextWidth + BulletScreenWidth) / _info.ScrollDuration;
            aheadTime = s1 / v1 - s2 / v2;  
        ｝
        else ｛
            float aheadDistance = lastBulletTextWidth + _info.MinInterval;
            float v1 = (lastBulletTextWidth + BulletScreenWidth) / _info.ScrollDuration;
            aheadTime = aheadDistance / v1;
        ｝
        return aheadTime;
    ｝
｝

打包的配置脚本

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
namespace Joker.CustomComponent.BulletScreen ｛
    [System.Serializable]
    public class BulletScreenDisplayerInfo ｛
        [Header("组件挂接的节点")]
        public Transform Owner;
        [Header("文本预制")]
        public GameObject TextPrefab;
        [Header("弹幕布局组件")]
        public GridLayoutGroup ScreenRoot;
        [Header("初始化行数")]
        public int TotalRowCount = 2;
        [Header("行高（单位：像素）")]
        public float RowHeight;
        [Header("字体边框的节点名字")]
        public string TextBoxNodeName;
        [Header("从屏幕一侧到另外一侧用的时间")]
        public float ScrollDuration = 8F;
        [Header("两弹幕文本之间的最小间隔")]
        public float MinInterval = 20F;
        [Header("移动完成后的销毁延迟")]
        public float KillBulletTextDelay = 0F;
        public BulletScreenDisplayerInfo(Transform owner, GameObject textPrefab, GridLayoutGroup screenRoot,
            int initialRowCount = 1,
            float rowHeight = 100F,
            string textBoxNodeName = "text_box_node_name") ｛
            Owner = owner;
            TextPrefab = textPrefab;
            ScreenRoot = screenRoot;
            TotalRowCount = initialRowCount;
            RowHeight = rowHeight;
            TextBoxNodeName = textBoxNodeName;
        ｝
    ｝
｝

例子：

using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Joker.CustomComponent.BulletScreen;
public class ExampleBulletScreen : MonoBehaviour ｛
    public BulletScreenDisplayer Displayer;
    public List _textPool = new List() ｛
        "ウワァン!!(ノДヽ) ・・(ノ∀・)チラ 実ゎ・・嘘泣き",
        "(╯#-_-)╯~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~╧═╧ ",
        "<(￣︶￣)↗[GO!]",
        "(๑•́ ₃ •̀๑) (๑¯ิε ¯ิ๑) ",
        "(≖͞_≖̥)",
        "(｀д′) (￣^￣) 哼！ ",
        "o(*￣︶￣*)o",
        " ｡:.ﾟヽ(｡◕‿◕｡)ﾉﾟ.:｡+ﾟ",
        "号(┳Д┳)泣",
        "( ＾∀＾）／欢迎＼( ＾∀＾）",
        "ドバーッ（┬┬＿┬┬）滝のような涙",
        "(。┰ω┰。",
        "啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊"
    ｝;
    // Use this for initialization
    void Start() ｛
        Displayer.Enable = true;
        StartCoroutine(StartDisplayBulletScreenEffect());
    ｝
    private IEnumerator StartDisplayBulletScreenEffect() ｛
        while (Displayer.Enable) ｛
            Displayer.AddBullet(GetText(), CheckShowBox(), GetDirection());
            yield return new WaitForSeconds(0.2f);
        ｝
    ｝
    private string GetText() ｛
        int textIndex = Random.Range(0, _textPool.Count);
        var weightDict = new Dictionary() ｛
            ｛"｛0｝", 10f｝,
            ｛"｛0｝", 2f｝,
            ｛"｛0｝", 80f｝
        ｝;
        string randomColor = (string)Utility.RandomObjectByWeight(weightDict);
        string text = string.Format(randomColor, _textPool[textIndex]);
        return text;
    ｝
    private bool CheckShowBox() ｛
        var weightDict = new Dictionary() ｛
            ｛true, 20f｝,
            ｛false, 80f｝
        ｝;
        bool ret = (bool)Utility.RandomObjectByWeight(weightDict);
        return ret;
    ｝
    private ScrollDirection GetDirection() ｛
        var weightDict = new Dictionary() ｛
            ｛ScrollDirection.LeftToRight, 5f｝,
            ｛ScrollDirection.RightToLeft, 80f｝
        ｝;
        ScrollDirection direction = (ScrollDirection)Utility.RandomObjectByWeight(weightDict);
        return direction;
    ｝
｝




补充


关于有同学提到的.cs脚本，我解释一下。 这个脚本是我的工具脚本，里面包含了很多工具方法。 其中，. 我们的例子中使用的 .() 方法都是工具方法。 由于这个脚本太大抖音弹幕游戏，所以我只提供这两个方法，以方便示例项目的正常运行。




using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public static class Utility ｛
    /// 
    /// 不是每次都创建一个新的map，用于减少gc
    /// 
    private static readonly Dictionary _randomIntervalMap = new Dictionary();
    /// 
    /// 根据权重配置随机出一种结果。
    /// 
    /// 
    /// 
    public static object RandomObjectByWeight (Dictionary weightInfo) ｛
        object randomResult = null;
        //count the total weights.
        float weightSum = 0f;
        foreach (var item in weightInfo) ｛
            weightSum += item.Value;
        ｝
        //Debug.Log( "weightSum: " + weightSum );
        //value -> Vector2(min,max)
        _randomIntervalMap.Clear();
        //calculate the interval of each object.
        float currentWeight = 0f;
        foreach (var item in weightInfo) ｛
            float min = currentWeight;
            currentWeight += item.Value;
            float max = currentWeight;
            Vector2 interval = new Vector2(min, max);
            _randomIntervalMap.Add(item.Key, interval);
        ｝
        //random a value.
        float randomValue = UnityEngine.Random.Range(0f, weightSum);
        //Debug.Log( "randomValue: " + randomValue );
        int currentSearchCount = 0;
        foreach (var item in _randomIntervalMap) ｛
            currentSearchCount++;
            if (currentSearchCount == _randomIntervalMap.Count) ｛
                //the last interval is [closed,closed]
                if (item.Value.x <= randomValue && randomValue <= item.Value.y) ｛
                    return item.Key;
                ｝
            ｝
            else ｛
                //interval is [closed, opened)
                if (item.Value.x <= randomValue && randomValue < item.Value.y) ｛
                    randomResult = item.Key;
                ｝
            ｝
        ｝
        return randomResult;
    ｝
    /// 
    /// 删除所有子节点
    /// 
    /// 
    public static void DestroyAllChildren (GameObject parent) ｛
        Transform parentTrans = parent.GetComponent();
        for (int i = parentTrans.childCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) ｛
            GameObject child = parentTrans.GetChild(i).gameObject;
            GameObject.Destroy(child);
        ｝
    ｝
｝



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